Spinach Breeding and Genetics

PUBLICATION (article, abstract/presentation) (2023-2016)

Refereed Article (*corresponding author):

2023

Bhattarai, G.*, A. Shi*, B. Mou*, and J. Correll*. 2023. Skim resequencing of progeny population of Lazio and Whale crossed with Viroflay finely mapped downy mildew locus and identified resistance genes in spinach Horticulture Research, Volume 10, Issue 6, June 2023, uhad076, https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhad076; https://academic.oup.com/hr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/hr/uhad076/7128292. | [PDF]

SUBMISSION/PREPARIED

Alatawi, I., H. Xiong*, G. Bhattarai, B. Mou*, and A. Shi*. 2023. Genome-wide Association Study and Genomic Prediction of Leafminer Tolerance in Spinach.

Bhattarai, G.*, B. Liu*, A. Shi*, J.C. Correll*. 2023b. Genetic characterization of leaf spot (Stemphylium vesicarium) resistance in spinach diversity panel and standardizing machine learning models to optimize genomic selection. Preparing to submit in Frontiers in Plant Science, in an internal review.

Bhattarai, G.*, B. Liu, H. Xiong, J.C. Correll*, and A. Shi*. 2023. Evaluation and development of genomic tools for breeding Pythium-resistant spinach cultivars in both conventional and controlled environment production.

Gyawali, S., … L.J. du Toit*, et al. 2023. Identification of major QTLs associated with Fusarium wilt resistance in wild spinach, Spinacia turkestanica (manuscript prepared).

Feng, C., K. Lamour, B.D.S, Dhillon, M.I. Villarroel-Zeballos, V.L. Castroagudin, B. Liu, B.H. Bluhm, A. Shi, A. Rojas, and J.C. Correll*. Genetic diversity of the spinach downy mildew pathogen based on hierarchical sampling (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.953661v1).

Liu, B., G. Bhattarai, A. Shi, and J.C. Correll. 2023. Evaluation of resistance of USDA spinach germplasm and commercial cultivars to Stemphylium vesicarium.

Olaoye, D., G. Bhattarai, C. Feng, J.C. Correll*, and A. Shi*. 2023a. Resistance Characterization to the Downy Mildew Pathogen in Spinach (submitted to Euphytica) (https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3085075/v1).

Olaoye, D., G. Bhattarai, A. Shi*, J.C. Correll* et al. 2023b. Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction of resistance to downy mildew race 15 in spinach.

Xiong, H.,* A. Shi*, and B. Mou*. 2013. Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction of oxalate content in spinach.

Zia, B., B. Dhillon, C. Feng, J.C. Correll*, and A. Shi*. Gene expression profiling to identify genes associated with resistance to the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora effusa in spinach (manuscript prepared).

2022

Batson, A.*, Spawton, K, Katz, R., and du Toit, L.J. 2022. Cladosporium leaf spot, caused by Cladosporium variabile, in winter high tunnel production of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in Maine, United States. Plant Disease Published Online: 20 Jul 2022. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-21-2424-PDN.

Bhattarai, G.*, A. Shi*, B. Mou*, and J. Correll*. 2022a. Resequencing worldwide spinach germplasm identifies downy mildew field tolerance QTLs and genomic prediction tools. Horticulture Research, Published: 13 September 2022, uhac205, https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac205; https://academic.oup.com/hr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/hr/uhac205/6696976. | [PDF]

Bhattarai, G., D. Olaoye, B. Mou*, J. C. Correll*, A. Shi*. 2022b. Mapping and selection of downy mildew resistance locus RPF3 in spinach by low coverage whole genome sequencing. Frontiers in Plant Science, PUBLISHED 06 October 2022, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1012923. | [PDF]

Clark, K.J., Anchieta, A.G., da Silva, M.B., Kandel, S.L., Choi, Y.-J., Martin, F.N., Correll, J.C., Van Denyze, A., Brummer, E.C., and Klosterman, S.J.* 2022. Early detection of the spinach downy mildew pathogen in leaves by recombinase polymerase amplification. Plant Disease. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-21-2398-RE.

Fletcher, K., Shin, O. H., Clark, K. J., Feng, C., Putman, A.I., Correll, J. C., Klosterman, S. J., Van Deynze, A., Michelmore, R.* 2022. A telomere-to-telomere reference genome assembly for the Peronosporaceae. Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-09-21-0227-R

Joshi, V.*, A. Shi*, A.K Mishra, H. Gill, and J. DiPiazza. 2022. Genetic dissection of nitrogen induced changes in the shoot and root biomass in spinach. Scientific Reports (2022) 12:13751 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18134-7 | [PDF]

Rueda, D., H.O. Awika, R. Bedre, D.R. Kandel, K.K. Mandadi, K. Crosby, C.A. Avila*. 2022. Phenotypic diversity and association mapping of spinach content in spinach. Frontiers in Genetic. 12:752313. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.752313

Shi, A.*, G. Bhattarai, H. Xiong, A. Carlos*, C. Feng, B. Liu, V. J. Joshi, L. Stein*, B. Mou*, L.J. du Toit*, J.C. Correll*. 2022. Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction of white rust resistance in USDA GRIN Spinach Germplasm. Horticulture Research, Volume 9, 2022, uhac069, https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac069. | [PDF]

2021

Awika, H.O., A.K. Mishra, H. Gill, J. DiPiazza, C.A. Avila, and V. Joshi*. 2021a. Selection of Nitrogen Responsive Root Architectural Traits in Spinach Using Machine Learning and Genetic Correlations. Scientific Reports 11:9536. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87870-z

Awika, H.O., J. Solorzano, U.C. Rivera, A. Shi, J. Enciso, and C.A. Avila*. 2021b. Prediction modeling for yield and water-use efficiency in spinach using remote sensing via an unmanned aerial system. Smart Agriculture Technology 1 (2021) 100006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2021.100006. | [PDF]

Batson, A.M.*, Fokkens, L., Rep, M., and du Toit, L.J. 2021. Putative effector genes distinguish two pathogenicity groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 34:141-156. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-06-20-0145-R

Bhattarai, G., W. Yang, A. Shi*, C. Feng, B. Dhillon, J.C. Correll*, and B. Mou*. 2021a. Mapping and candidate gene identification of downy mildew race 16 resistance in spinach. BMC Genomics 22-478. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07788-8 | [PDF]

Bhattarai, G., A. Shi*, D.R. Kandel, N. Soli´s-Gracia, J.A. da Silva, and C.A. Avila*. 2021b. Genome-wide simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers discovered from whole-genome sequence comparisons of multiple spinach accessions. Scientific Reports, 11, Article number: 9999. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89473-0 | [PDF]

Bhattarai, G.*, and A. Shi*. 2021c. Research advances and prospects of spinach breeding, genetics, and genomics. Vegetable Research 1:9. http://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/VR-2021-0009 | [PDF]

Clark, K. J., Feng, C., Zima, H. V., Poudel-Ward, B., Slinski, S. L., Porchas, P. Klosterman; S. J., and J.C. Correll*. 2021. Evaluation of spinach cultivars for downy mildew resistance in Yuma, AZ 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports. Report No. 15:V112. https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/volume15/abstracts/v112.asp

Gyawali, S., M.L. Derie, E.W. Gatch, D. Sharma-Poudyal, and L.J. du Toit*. 2021a. Lessons from 10 years of stakeholder adoption of a soil bioassay for assessing the risk of spinach Fusarium wilt. Plant Pathology 70 (4):778-792. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13335

Gyawali, S., G. Bhattarai, A. Shi*, C. Kik, and L. du Toit*. 2021b. Early stages of allopatric speciation in Spinacia turkestanica and the domestication of cultivated spinach. Frontiers in Genetics 12:740437. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.740437 | [PDF]

Hulse-Kemp, A.M., Bostan, H., Chen, S., Ashrafi, H., Stoffel, K., Sanseverino, W., Li, L., Cheng, S., Schatz, M.C., Garvin, T., du Toit, L.J., Tseng, E., Chin, J., Iorizzo, M., and van Deynze, A.* 2021. An anchored chromosome-scale genome assembly of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) improves annotation and reveals extensive gene rearrangements in euasterids. Plant Genome 14:e20101. https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20101

Liu, B., L. Stein, K. Cochran, L.J. du Toit, C. Feng, and J.C. Correll*. 2021a. Three New Fungal Leaf Spot Diseases of Spinach in the United States and the Evaluation of Fungicide Efficacy for Disease Management. Plant Disease 105(2):316-323. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-20-0918-re

Liu, Z., Lu, T., Feng, C., Zhang, H., Li, G., Xu, Z., Correll, J. C., Qian, W.*, 2021b. Fine mapping and molecular marker development of the Fs gene controlling fruit spines in spinach (Spinacia olereace L). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 134:1319-1328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03772-8

McDonald, M.R., Collins, B., du Toit, L.J., and Adusei-Fosu, K. 2021. Soil amendments for the management of Fusarium wilt of bunching spinach in Ontario, Canada. Crop Protection 145:105646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105646

Olaoye, D. 2021. Resistance Screening and Association Analysis of Downy Mildew Resistance in Spinach (MS Thesis at Shi’s and Correll’s Lab), University of Arkansas.

Zia, B. 2021a. Genetic Resistance to the Downy Mildew Pathogen and Breeding towards Durable Disease Management in Spinach (PhD Dissertation at Shi’s lab), University of Arkansas.

2020

Awika, H, Cochran, V. Joshi, R. Bedre, K.K. Mandadi, C.A. Avila*. 2020a. Single-marker and haplotype-based association analysis of anthracnose (Colletotrichum dematium) resistance in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Plant Breeding 139:402-418. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12773 | [PDF]

Bhattarai, G., A. Shi*, C. Feng, B. Dhillon, B. Mou*, J.C. Correll*. 2020a. Genome-wide association studies in multiple spinach breeding populations refine downy mildew race 13 resistance genes. Frontiers in Plant Science, doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.563187. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.563187/full. | [PDF]

Bhattarai, G., C. Feng, B. Dhillon, A. Shi, M. Villarroel-Zeballos, J.C. Correll*. 2020b. Detached leaf inoculation assay for evaluating resistance to the spinach downy mildew pathogen. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 158:511–520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02096-5 | [PDF]

Clark, K.J., Feng, C., Dhillon, B., Kandel, S.L., Poudel, B., Mou, B., Klosterman, S.J., Correll, J.C.* 2020. Evaluation of spinach cultivars for downy mildew resistance in Yuma, AZ 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports. 14. Article V146

Dhillon, B., C. Feng, G. Bhattarai, B. Poudel, M. E Matheron, and J. C. Correll*. 2020a. Evaluation of spinach varieties for downy mildew resistance, Yuma, AZ 2019. Plant Disease Management Reports.

Kandel, S.L., A.M. Hulse-Kemp, K. Stoffel, S.T. Koike, A. Shi, B. Mou, A. Van Deynze*, and S.J. Klosterman*. 2020. Transcriptional analyses of resistant and susceptible spinach cultivars in response to the downy mildew pathogen, Peronospora effuse. Scientific Reports 10:6719. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63668-3.

Liu, B., L. Stein, K. Cochran, L.J. du Toit, C. Feng, B. Dhillon, and J.C. Correll*. 2020a. Characterization of Leaf Spot Pathogens from Several Spinach Production Areas in the United States. Plant Disease 104(7): 1994-2004. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-19-2450-re

Spawton, K.A., McGrath, M., and du Toit, L.J. 2020. First report of Stemphylium leaf spot of spinach in New York caused by Stemphylium beticola. Plant Disease 104:3068. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-20-0343-PDN

Synoground, T., Batson, A., Derie, M., Koenick, L.B., Pethybridge, S.J., and du Toit, L.J.* 2020. First report of Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora chenopodii on Spinacia oleracea in the USA. Plant Disease 104:976. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-1924-PDN

2019

Awika, H, R. Bedre, J. Yeom, T.G. Marconi, J. Enciso, K.K. Mandadi, J. Jung, C.A. Avila*. 2019a. Developing Growth-Associated Molecular Markers via High-Throughput Phenotyping in Spinach. The Plant Genome 12(3):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3835/plantgenome2019.03.0027

Awika, H.O., T.G. Marconi, R. Bedre, K.K. Mandadi, C.A. Avila*. 2019b. Minor Alleles are Associated with White Rust Susceptibility in Spinach. Horticulture Research 6:129. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0214-7 | [PDF]

Bhattarai, G. 2019a. Genetic resistance to the downy mildew pathogen and mapping the RPF resistance loci in spinach (PhD Dissertation at Shi’s and Correll’s lab). Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/3442.

Correll, J. C.*, Feng, F., Matheron, M. E., Koike, S. T. 2019a. Evaluation of spinach varieties for downy mildew resistance, Yuma, AZ. Plant Disease Management Reports.

Correll, J.C.*, Feng, F., Matheron, M.E., Koike, S. T. 2019b. Evaluation of spinach varieties for downy mildew resistance, Monterey County, CA. Plant Disease Management Reports.

Dhillon, B.D., C. Feng, G. Bhattarai, B. Wodka, and J.C. Correll* 2019a. Evaluation of spinach varieties for downy mildew resistance, San Juan Bautista, CA 2018. Plant Disease Management Reports 13:V017.

Kandel, S.L., K.V. Subbarao, A. Shi, B. Mou*, and S.J. Klosterman. 2019a. Evaluation of biopesticides for managing downy mildew of spinach in organic production systems 2017 and 2018. Plant Disease Management Report 13: V171.

Kandel, S., B. Mou*, N. Shishkoff, A. Shi, K. Subbarao, and S. Klosterman. 2019b. Spinach downy mildew: Advances in our understanding of the disease cycle and prospects for disease management. Plant Disease 103: 791-803. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-18-1720-FE. | [PDF]

Matheron, M. E., J.C. Correll*, M. Porchas, and C. Feng. 2019. Evaluation of fungicides for management of downy mildew of spinach. Plant Disease Management Reports.

2018

Feng, C., K. Saito, B. Liu, A. Manley, K. Kammeijer, S.J. Mauzey, S. Koike, and J.C. Correll*. 2018a. New Races and Novel Strains of the Spinach Downy Mildew Pathogen Peronospora effusa. Plant Disease 102:613-618. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-17-0781-re

Feng, C., B.H. Bluhm, A. Shi, J.C. Correll*. 2018b. Molecular markers linked to three spinach downy mildew disease resistance loci. Euphytica 214: 174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-018-2258-4. | [PDF]

Feng, C., Lamour, K. H., Bluhm, B. H., Sharma, S. Shrestha, S., Dhillon, B. D. S., and Correll, J. C.*. 2018c. Genome sequences resources of three races of Peronospora effusa: a resource for studying the evolution of the spinach downy mildew pathogen. Molecular Plant Molecular Interactions 31 (12):1230-1231. https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-04-18-0085-a

Liu, B., C. Feng, M.E. Matheron, and J.C. Correll*. 2018a. Characterization of foliar web blight of spinach, caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, in the desert Southwest of the United States. Plant Disease 102(3):608-612. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-17-0859-re

She, H., W. Qian, H. Zhang, Z. Liu, X. Wang, J. Wu, C. Feng, J.C. Correll*, and Z. Xu. 2018. Fine mapping and candidate gene screening of the downy mildew resistance gene RPF1 in spinach. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 2018 Dec;131(12):2529-2541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-018-3169-4

2017

Correll, J.C.*, C. Feng, and B. Liu. 2017a. First report of white rust (Albugo occidentalis) of spinach in Mexico. Plant Disease 101(3):511. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-16-0905-PDN

Correll, J.C.*, C. Feng, M.E. Matheron, and M. Porchas, and S.T. Koike. 2017b. Evaluation of spinach varieties for downy mildew resistance. Plant Disease Management Reports 11:V108.

Matheron, M. E., J.C. Correll*, M. Porchas, C. Feng. 2017. Assessment of fungicides for managing downy mildew of spinach, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports 11:V108.

Qin, J., A. Shi*, B. Mou*, M.A, Grusak, Y. Weng, W. Ravelombola, G. Bhattarai, L. Dong, and W. Yang. 2017. Genetic diversity and association mapping of mineral element concentrations in spinach leaves. BMC Genomics 18:941. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-4297-y. | [PDF}

Shi, A.*, J. Qin, B. Mou*, J. Correll*, Y. Weng, D. Brenner, C. Feng, D. Motes, W. Yang, L. Dong, and G. Bhattarai, and W. Ravelombola. 2017. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of spinach by single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified through genotyping-by-sequencing. PLOS ONE, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188745 | [PDF]

2016

Chitwood, J, A. Shi*, B. Mou, M. Evans, J. Clark, D. Motes, P. Chen, and D. Hensley. 2016 Population structure and association analysis of bolting, plant height, and leaf erectness in spinach. HortScince 51(5):481–486. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.51.5.481. | [PDF]

Chitwood, J., A. Shi*, M. Evans, C. Rom, D. Motes, P. Chen, and D. Hensley. 2016. Temperature effect on seed germination in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). HortScience 51(12):1475–1478. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI11414-16. | [PDF]

Lyon, R., J. Correll, C. Feng, B. Bluhm, S. Shrestha, A. Shi, K. Lamour*. 2016. Population Structure of Peronospora effusa in the Southwestern United States. PlosOne 11(2): e0148385. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148385. | [PDF]

Ma, J, A. Shi*, B. Mou, M. Evans, J. Clack, D. Motes, J. Correll, H. Xiong, J. Qin, J. Chitwood, Y. Weng. 2016. Association mapping of leaf traits in spinach. Plant Breed. 135:399–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12369 | [PDF]

Shi, A.*, and B. Mou. 2016. Genetic diversity and association analysis of leafminer (Liriomyza spp.) resistance in spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Genome 59(8):581-8 https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0075. | [PDF]

Shi, A.*, B. Mou, J. Correll. 2016. Association analysis for oxalate concentration in spinach. Euphytica 212:17-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-016-1740-0. | [PDF]

Shi, A.*, B. Mou, J. Correll, D. Motes, Y. Weng, J. Qin, and W. Yang. 2016. SNP association analysis of resistance to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) in spinach. Australian Journal of Crop Science 10(8): 1188-1196. https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=502343349346669;res=IELHSS. | [PDF]

Shi, A.*, B. Mou, J. Correll, S.T. Koike, D. Motes, J. Qin, Y. Weng, and W. Yang. 2016. Association analysis and identification of SNP markers for Stemphylium leaf spot (Stemphylium botryosum f. sp. spinacia) resistance in spinach (Spinacia oleracea). American Journal of Plant Sciences 7: 1600-1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2016.712151. | [PDF]

Abstract/Presentation (2023 - 2017)

2023

Gehendra Bhattarai, Bo Liu, Haizheng Xiong, James C. Correll and Ainong Shi. 2023. Evaluation and Development of Genomic Tools for Breeding Pythium-Resistant Spinach Cultivars in Both Conventional and Controlled Environment Production. ASHS Annual Conference. July 31 - August 4, 2023. Orlando, Florida. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2023/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/39722

Dalton Thompson, Matte Moreno, Moazzameh Ramezani, Ainong Shi and Vijay Joshi, 2023. Exploiting the Natural Variation in Spinach Germplasm to Enhance Organic Productivity. ASHS Annual Conference. July 31 - August 4, 2023. Orlando, Florida. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2023/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/40044

Ainong Shi, Gehendra Bhattarai, Haizheng Xiong, Carlos A Avila, Bo Liu, Sanjaya Gyawali, Vijay Joshi, Larry Stein, Beiquan Mou, Lindsey J. du Toit and James C. Correll. 2023. Genome-Wide Association Study and Genomic Prediction of Disease Resistance in Spinach. ASHS Annual Conference. July 31 - August 4, 2023. Orlando, Florida. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2023/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/39560

Haizheng Xiong, Ainong Shi and Beiquan Mou. 2023. Genome-Wide Association Study and Genomic Prediction of Oxalate Content in Spinach. ASHS Annual Conference. July 31 - August 4, 2023. Orlando, Florida. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2023/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/39994

2022

Bhattarai, G., A. Shi, B. Mou and J.C. Correll. 2022. Molecular Breeding Effort Using Genome Resequencing in Spinach for Resistance to Economically Important Pathogens. 2022 ASHS annual conference July 30 – August 3, Chicago, IL. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2022/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/37526

2021

Bhattarai, G., and A. Shi. 2021d. Comparative Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Spinach in Response to Downy Mildew Pathogen. 2021 ASHS International Conference, August 5-9, Denver, Colorado. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2021/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/35991

Correll, J., D. Smilde, and A. Königs. 2021. Two New Races of Downy Mildew in Spinach, Pfs 18 and Pfs 19. https://vegetableswest.com/2021/04/19/two-new-races-of-downy-mildew-in-spinach/; http://cemonterey.ucdavis.edu/?blogpost=46392&blogasset=32041

Gyawali, S., G. Bhattarai, A. Shi, C. Kik, and L.J. du Toit. 2021c. Genetic Diversity and population Structure of Spinacia turkestanica, a Wild Progenitor of Cultivated Spinach, Spinacia oleracea. 2021 ASHS International Conference, August 5-9, Denver, Colorado. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2021/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/35994

2020

Avila, C.A. 2020a. High throughput phenotyping in Vegetable breeding. Vegetable Breeding Interest Group Workshop. 2020 ASHS Annual Conference, August 9 – 13 ZOOM meeting https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2020/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/33980

Avila C.A. 2020b. Wintergarden field day (Feb 2020). Dr. Avila presented results of white rust resistance evaluation to local producers and spinach industry representatives during field day on February 19th 2020 at Tiro Tres Farms near Crystal City, TX.

Awika, H.O., J. Solorzano, U.C Rivera, A. Laredo, J. Enciso, C.A. Avila. 2020b. Using RGB and multispectral sensors to assess growth rate and water use efficiency in spinach. Annual meeting of the American Society for Horticultural Sciences (ASHS). Orlando, Florida. August, 2020 (Virtual Meeting). https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2020/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/32819

Batson, A., Gyawali, S., and du Toit, L. 2020. Evaluation of spinach and Beta vulgaris cultivars for differential susceptibility to two pathogenicity groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae. Phytopathology 110: In press. Abstract of poster presented at Plant Health 2020 Online, the Annual Meeting of American Phytopathological Society, 10-14 Aug. 2020.

Bhattarai, G., Shi, A., Correll, J. C., and Feng, C. 2020c. Field evaluation and genome-wide association analysis of downy mildew resistance in spinach. HortScience 55, S227. (Abstr.). Available at: https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2020/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/33056.

Bhattarai, G., Shi, A., and Correll, J. C. 2020d. Identification of genomic regions associated with bolting and flowering time in spinach. HortScience 55, S108. (Abstr.). Available at: https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2020/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/33055.

Bhattarai, G., Shi, A., Avila, C. A., and Stein, L. A. 2020e. GWAS on USDA Spinach Germplasm Evaluated for Downy Mildew in the Texas’ Wintergarden Production Area. HortScience 55, S227. (Abstr.). Available at: https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2020/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/33070.

Bhattarai, G., Liu, B., Shi, A., Feng, C., and Correll, J. C. 2020f. Genome-wide association of leaf spot (Stemphylium vesicarium) resistance in USDA spinach germplasm. HortScience 55, S351. (Abstr.). Available at: https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2020/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/33054.

Correll, J. C., C. Feng, B.D.S. Dhillo. 2020. Update on downy mildew of spinach. IWGP, Goude, Netherlands, February 4, 2020.

Dhillon,B., C. Feng, M.I. Villarroel-Zeballos, V.L. Castroagudin, G. Bhattarai, S.J. Klosterman, and J.C. Correll. 2020b. Sporangiospore Viability and Oospore Production in the Spinach Downy Mildew Pathogen, Peronospora effusa. Plant Disease 104(10):2634-2641.

Liu, B., G Bhattarai, A Shi, J Correll, and C. Feng. 2020b. Evaluation of resistance of USDA spinach germplasm to Stemphylium vesicarium, Plant Health 2020 Online, https://apsnet.confex.com/apsnet/2020/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/16594.

Mou, B. 2020. Spinach breeding. California Leafy Greens Research Program Year-end Meeting, March 17, 2020, Virtual.

Olaoye, D., G. Bhattarai, C. Feng, J.C. Correll, and A. Shi. 2020. Genome-Wide Association Study and Genomic Selection for Downy Mildew Resistance in Spinach. 2020 ASHS Annual Conference, August 9 – 13 ZOOM meetinghttps://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2020/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/33121

Shi, A., J. Correll, G. Bhattarai, B. Liu, C. Feng, H. Awika, C.A. Avila, and B. Mou. 2020. Evaluation and Genome-wide Association Study for White Rust Resistance in USDA Spinach Germplasm. ASHS 2020 Annual Conference. August 9-13, 2020, Orlando, FL.

Zia, B., and A. Shi. 2020. Differential Gene Expression to Identify Potential Genetic Elements Involved in Disease Resistance to Downy Mildew Pathogen in Spinach Cultivars. 2020 ASHS Annual Conference, August 9 – 13 at Orlando, Florida. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2020/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/33219

2019

Avila, C.A. D. Kandel, and H.O. Awika. 2019. Development of Molecular and Phenotyping Selection Tools for Spinach Breeding. American Society for Horticultural Sciences Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV July 21-25.

Awika, H., T.G. Marconi, R. Bedre, K.K. Mandadi and C.A. Avila. 2019c. White Rust Resistance in Spinach Is Multigenic and Non-Chromosome Specific. American Society for Horticultural Sciences Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV July 21-25.

Bhattarai, G., A. Shi, J.C. Correll, and B. Mou. 2019b. Mapping Resistance to Race of Downy Mildew in Multiple Spinach Populations. 2019 ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting,| Nov. 10-13, San Antonio, Texas. https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2019am/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/122853

Bhattarai, G., C, Feng, B. Dhillon, A. Shi, and J.C. Correll. 2019c. Evaluation of a Detached Leaf Inoculation Method to Screen for Resistance to Downy Mildew in Spinach. ASHS 2019 Annual Conference. July 21-25, Las Vegas Nevada. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2019/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/30872.

Bhattarai, G., A. Shi, J.C. Correll, and B. Mou. 2019d. Mapping of Resistance to Downy Mildew Race 16 in Spinach Cultivar ‘Whale’. ASHS 2019 Annual Conference. July 21-25, Las Vegas Nevada. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2019/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/30873.

Bhattarai, G., A. Shi, J.C. Correll, C. Feng, B. Dhillon, J. Qin, and B. Mou. 2019e. Field Evaluation, Association Mapping, and QTL Analysis to Dissect Downy Mildew Resistance in Spinach. ASHS 2019 Annual Conference. July 21-25, Las Vegas Nevada. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2019/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/30874.

Correll, J. C., C. Feng, B.D.S. Dhillon, A. Shi, B. Liu, G. Bhattarai, and M. Villarroel-Zeballos. 2019c. Economically Important Spinach Diseases: An Evolving Problem. Eucarpia Leafy Greens Meeting. Czech Republic June 22, 2019.

Correll, J. C. 2019d. New races and novel strains of the downy mildew pathogen of spinach. January 5.International Working Group on Peronospora. Goude, Netherlands.

Correll, J. C. 2019e. Emerging diseases of spinach of economic importance. January 12. International Spinach Field Day. Murcia, Spain.

Correll, J. C. 2019f. Epidemiology of spinach downy mildew under tunnel house production. March 3. University of Massachusetts. Amherst, MA.

Dhillon, B., C. Feng, M. Villarroel-Zeballos, V.L. Castroagudin, and J.C. Correll. 2019b. Primary inoculum, etiology, and oospore production of the spinach downy mildew pathogen, Peronospora effusa. Phytopathlogy 108

Feng, C., K. Lamour, B. Dhillon, M.Villarroel-Zeballos, V.L. Castroagudin, B. Liu, B. Bluhm, A. Shi, A. Rojas, and J. C. Correll. 2019. Genetic diversity of the spinach downy mildew pathogen based on hierarchical sampling. Phytopathology 108.

Gyawali, S., L. du Toit, J.C. Correll, and A. Shi. 2019a. Genome wide association studies of Fusarium wilt resistance in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Poster presented at the American Phytopathological Society (APS) Annual Meeting, Plant Health 2019, 3-7 August 2019, Cleveland, OH. Abstract. https://apsnet.confex.com/apsnet/2019/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/13443.

Gyawali, S., and L. du Toit. 2019b. Spinach Fusarium wilt resistance assessment and mapping of QTL associated with wilt resistance. Western Washington Seed Workshop held at the Washington State University (WSU) Mount Vernon Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center (NWREC) on 11 January 2019.

Gyawali, S., and L. du Toit. 2019c. Progress of Fusarium wilt components of this spinach SCRI project in the WSU Mount Vernon NWREC Field Day on 11 July 2019.

Kandel, S.L., A. Hulse-Kemp, B. Mou, A. Van Deynze, and S.J. Klosterman. 2019c. Transcriptional analysis of spinach cultivars during resistant and susceptible interactions with the downy mildew pathogen, Peronospora effusa. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, August 3-7, 2019, Cleveland, Ohio. Available: https://apsnet.confex.com/apsnet/2019/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/14429.

Mou, B. 2019a. Spinach breeding. California Leafy Greens Research Program Year-end Meeting, March 19, 2019, Pismo Beach, CA.

Mou, B. 2019b. Spinach production and consumption in the United States. The EUCARPIA Leafy Vegetables International Conference, June 25, 2019, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Mou, B. 2019c. Genetic variation and improvement of nutritional traits in lettuce and spinach. The EUCARPIA Leafy Vegetables International Conference, June 26, 2019, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Mou, B. 2019d. Spinach breeding. California Leafy Greens Research Program Mid-Year Meeting, October 8, 2019, Salinas, CA.

Olaoye, D., G. Bhattarai, C. Feng, A. Shi, and J. Correll. 2019. Evaluation of Incomplete Dominance in a Spinach Downy Mildew Resistance Locus. 2019 ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Nov. 10-13, San Antonio, Texas. https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2019am/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/122831

Qin, J., A. Shi, J. Correll, C.A. Avila, C. Feng, B. Liu, G. Bhattarai, B. Zia and W. Ravelombola. 2019a. Genome-Wide Association Study and Genomic Selection for White Rust Resistance in Spinach. ASHS 2019 Annual Conference. July 21-25, Las Vegas Nevada. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2019/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/30001.

Qin, J., A. Shi, J. Correll, G. Bhattarai, B. Zia, and W. Ravelombola. 2019b. Genome-wide study for white rust resistance in spinach. 2019 Plant & Animal Genomics XXVI on January 12-16, 2019 at San Diego, CA, USA. PE1112 at https://www.intlpag.org/2019/images/pdf/2019/PAGXXVII-abstracts-posters.pdf.

Shi, A., J. Correll, C. Feng, B. Mou, C.A. Avila, L.A. Stein, R. Hogan, L. du Toit, J. Qin, G. Bhattarai, H. Awika, S. Gyawali, and S. Kandel. 2019. Progress at Developing Genetic and Molecular Resources to Improve Spinach Production and Management. HortScience 54, S137. (Abstr.). ASHS 2019 Annual Conference. July 21-25, Las Vegas Nevada. (https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2019/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/29998).

Smilde, D., and J.C. Correll. 2019. A future-proof differential set for Peronospora effusa in spinach. International Eucarpia Meeting. June 24. Czech Republic.

Spawton, K.A., M.L. Derie, J.C. Correll, L.A. Stein, G. Olaya, R.N. Raid, G.V. Sandoya, T.L. Peever, and L.J. du Toit. 2019. Characterization of Stemphylium spp. from spinach based on molecular data, host response, and azoxystrobin sensitivity. APS annual meeting Cleveland, OH August 3-7.

2018-2017

Avila, C.A. 2018. Texas A&M AgriLife Spinach Breeding Program: Selection tools for cultivar development. Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center. Uvalde, TX May 11th, 2018. Target audience: Wintergarden producers, extension specialists, and faculty members (Project PI).

Awika, H, T.G. Marconi, J. Enciso, J. Jung, and C.A. Avila. 2018. Development of Molecular Markers Associated to Spinach Growth Parameters. American Society for Horticultural Sciences Annual Meeting, Washington D.C. July 31st to August, 3rd 2018

Bhattarai, G., B. Zia, W. Zhou, C. Feng, J. Qin, W. Ravelombola, Y. Weng, J. Correll, A. Shi, and B. Mou. 2018a. Field phenotyping and genome wide association analysis for downy mildew resistance in USDA spinach germplasm. 2018 ASHS Annual Conference on July 30-August 3, Washington, DC. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2018/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/28214.

Bhattarai, G., B. Zia, W. Zhou, J. Qin, W. Ravelombola, Y. Weng, C. Feng, J. Correll, A. Shi, and B. Mou. 2018b. Development of Genome-wide Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers in Spinach. 2018 ASHS Annual Conference on July 30-August 3, Washington, DC. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2018/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/28558.

Correll, J., C. Feng, and A. Shi. 2018a. White rust: beyond borders. The 2018 International Spinach Conference, 02/14-02/15, 2018 in Murcia, Spain.

Correll, J., and C. Feng. 2018b. Overview of downy mildew disease resistance and race diversity. International Spinach Conference, Murcia, Spain. February 14.

Correll, J.C., C. Feng, D.D.S. Dhillon, A. Shi, K.H. Lamour, B. Liu, G. Bhattarai, V. Castroagudin, and M. Villarroel-Zeballos. 2018c. Spinach downy mildew. Mitigating a conundrum. Soilborne Oomycete International Conference. December 2018.

Deep, B., S. Dhillon, C. Feng, A. Shi, Q. Pan, and J. Correll. 2018 Spinach genome sequence overview including NIL1 and candidate resistance genes. The 2018 International Spinach Conference, 02/14-02/15, 2018 in Murcia, Spain.

Dhillon, B., C. Feng, A. Shi, Q. Pan, J.C. Correll. 2018. Genome sequencing of spinach Near Isogenic Line 1 and candidate resistance genes. International Spinach Conference, Murcia, Spain. February 14.

Feng, C. and J.C. Correll. 2018d. PurGrow: a novel methodology for cleaning seed and managing diseases. International Spinach Conference, Murcia, Spain. February 14.

Feng, C., B. Liu, B. Dhillon, M. Villarroel-Zeballos, B. Bluhm, A. Shi, J. Correll. 2018e. Molecular markers for spinach sex determination gene. The 2018 International Spinach Conference, 02/14-02/15, 2018 in Murcia, Spain.

Feng, C., J. Correll, and B. Bluhm. 2017. Characterization and marker development for three resistance loci to the spinach downy mildew pathogen. Phytopathology 107.

Lamour, K., K. Shrestha, B. Liu, C. Feng, and J.C. Correll. 2018. Whole genome variation in 2016 field populations of spinach downy mildew. International Spinach Conference, Murcia, Spain. February 14.

Liu, B., C. Feng, and J.C. Correll. 2018b. Evaluation of oospores on spinach seed. International Spinach Conference, Murcia, Spain. February 14.

Mou, B. 2018a. Spinach breeding. California Leafy Greens Research Program Mid-Year Meeting, October 9, 2018, Salinas, CA.

Mou, B. 2018b. Spinach breeding at USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA. Year-end Meeting of the California Leafy Greens Research Program, Pismo Beach, CA, March 27, 2018.

Mou, B. 2017a. Spinach breeding at USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA. Mid-year Meeting of the California Leafy Greens Research Program, Salinas, CA, October 10, 2017.

Mou, B. 2017b. Spinach Breeding at USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA, presented to about 150 spinach growers, producers, shippers, processors, researchers, breeders, and other leafy vegetable industry personnel attending the California Leafy Greens Research Program (CLGRP) annual meeting, Pismo Beach, CA, 14 March.

Mou, B. 2017c. Spinach Breeding at USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA, presented to about 40 CLGRP Board members, spinach growers, producers, processors, researchers, and breeders attending the California Leafy Greens Research Program mid-year meeting, Salinas, CA, 10 October.

Qin, J., A. Shi, B. Mou, and M. Grusak. 2018a. Phenotypic and genetic diversity and association study of mineral components in spinach. 2018 Plant & Animal Genomics XXVI on January 13-17, 2018 at San Diego, CA, USA.

Qin, J., A. Shi, W. Zhou, Y. Weng, W. Ravelombola, G. Bhattarai, and B. Zia. 2018b. A SNP Set for Spinach Cultivar Determination. 2018b. ASHS Annual Conference on July 30-August 3, Washington, DC. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2018/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/28251.

Shi, A. 2018a. Genome-wide association study and genomic selection in spinach. Gust talk on February 23, 2018 at ABI, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR.

Shi, A., J. Qin, Y. Weng, J. Correll, C. Feng, G. Bhattarai, W. Ravelombola, B. Zia, W. Zhou, and B. Mou. 2018b. Genetic diversity, genome-wide association study and genomic selection in spinach. The 2018 International Spinach Conference, 02/14-02/15, 2018 in Murcia, Spain.

Shi, A., J. Qin, Y. Weng, G. Bhattarai, W. Ravelombola, B. Zia, W. Zhou, J. Correll, and B. Mou. 2018c. Genetic diversity and genome-wide association study in spinach. 2018 SR-ASHS conference on February 2-4, Jacksonville, FL.

Shi, A., J. Qin, B. Mou, and J. Correll. 2018d. Phenotypic and genetic diversity of spinach USDA germplasm accessions. 2018 Plant & Animal Genomics XXVI on January 13-17, 2018 at San Diego, CA, USA.

Shi, A., J. Correll, C. Feng, B. Mou, C. Avila, L. du Toit, L. Stein, R. Hogan, J. Qin, W. Zhou, G. Bhattarai, B. Zia, W. Ravelombola, Y. Weng, B. Liu, S. Gyawali, and S. Kandel. 2018e. Developing Genetic and Molecular Resources to Improve Spinach Production and Management. 2018 ASHS Annual Conference on July 30-August 3, Washington, DC. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2018/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/28249.

Shi, A., J. Qin , J. Correll, W. Zhou, G. Bhattarai, B. Zia, W. Ravelombola, Y. Weng, C. Feng, B. Liu, C. Avila, and B. Mou. 2018f. Enhance Spinach Development through Molecular Breeding. 2018 ASHS Annual Conference on July 30-August 3, Washington, DC. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2018/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/28869.

Shyam, L.K., B. Mou, S. Kunjeti, K. Subbarao, S. Klosterman. 2018. Downy mildew of Spinach: Oospore production, viability, and incidence on seed. International Spinach Conference, Murcia, Spain, February 14-15, 2018.

Villarroel-Zeballos, M., B. Dhillon, C. Feng, and J.C. Correll. 2018. Tissue culture approaches for spinach research on disease resistance. International Spinach Conference, Murcia, Spain. February 14.

Zia, B., G. Bhattarai, C, Feng, W. Zhou, J. Qin, M.I. Villarroel-Zeballos, Y. Weng, W. Ravelombola, Jim Correll, A. Shi, and B. Mou. 2018. Evaluation and Association Analysis of Downy Mildew Resistance in USDA Spinach Germplasm (submitted to 2018 ASHS Annual Conference on July 30-August 3, Washington, DC. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2018/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/28047.